Green’s Dictionary of Slang

(US black) having eyes considered out of the ordinary, cross-eyed, squinting, protruding etc.

1922		‘Sheep Shell Corn’ in T.W. Talley Negro Folk Rhymes 59: An’ he sen’ it to de mill by de buckeyed Whippoorwill.
1933		(con. 1860s) R. Bradford Kingdom Coming 156: Everybody sat tense and stared buckeyed at the draped figure.