Green’s Dictionary of Slang

chronic n.1

(UK campus) a student who does not graduate and remains a member of the university .

T.J. Henry Claude Garton 53: ‘The old fellow [...] shows remarkable lasting powers as a student. In fact he is a splendid specimen of the genus chronic. He remembers I don't know how many Principals, and his reminiscences of deceased professors are most interesting and extensive.