Green’s Dictionary of Slang

sheriff n.

1. (Aus. prison) an informer.

[Aus]Tupper & Wortley Aus. Prison Sl. Gloss. 🌐 Sheriff. An informer.

2. (N.Z. prison) a senior member of a biker or prison gang.

[NZ]D. Looser Boobslang [U. Canterbury D.Phil. thesis] 164/1: sheriff n. 2 the president or captain of a gang. 3 the person in a gang who holds the keys to the guns, the drugs, the money, and the alcohol, and is responsible to the president or captain for the safe-keeping of these items.

3. (N.Z. prison) the police drug detection dog.

[NZ]D. Looser Boobslang [U. Canterbury D.Phil. thesis] 164/1: sheriff n. 4 the police narcotics detection dog.

SE in slang uses

In compounds

sheriff’s basket (n.)

a basket or tub placed outside a prison to receive charitable gifts for the prisoners.

[UK]Nashe Summer’s Last Will and Testament in Works (1905) III 286: That’s as plentifull almes for the plague as the sheriffes tub to them of Newgate.
[UK]Massinger City-Madam I i: Did our charitie redeem thee out of prison, [...] When the Sheriffs basket, and his broken meat Were your Festivall exceedings?
sheriff’s bracelets (n.) [SE bracelets/bracelets n.]

handcuffs.

[UK]Grose Classical Dict. of the Vulgar Tongue.
[UK]Lex. Balatronicum.
[UK]Egan Grose’s Classical Dict. of the Vulgar Tongue.
[UK]Operative (London) 31 Mar. 11/3: The sheriff’s black bracelets lay strewn on the ground, / But the lad that had worn them could nowhere be found.
Newton Wkly Ledger (MS) 16 Jan. 2/3: Without doubt sheriff’s bracelets become Swan more than any other man.
Atlanta Constitution (GA) 1 June 2/5: He was soon in tow and as the sheriff’s bracelets encircled his wrists his eyes filled with tears.
[UK]Farmer & Henley Sl. and Its Analogues.
[US]Brooklyn Dly Eagle (NY) 8 June 1/7: Potts [...] was furnished with a pair of sheriff’s bracelets.
Sampson Democrat (Clinton, NC) 24 Mar. 1/5: When he hears his sentence, / And is marching back to jail, / He will think of the sheriff’s bracelets / [...] / And his heart will begin to fail.
[US]Poughkeepsie Eagle-News (NY) 26 Oct. 3/3: [headline] ‘Sheriff’s Bracelets’ Fail to Hold man.
sheriff’s breakfast (n.)

a judicial hanging.

[UK]T. Brown Brighton I 52: We wonder not at the noble peer’s having checked an honest tear when his friend [...] got a sheriff’s breakfast* [note] * A sheriff's breakfast is a hearty choak and a caper.
C. Rowcroft Tales of the Colonies 268: To-morrow he will have a sheriff’s breakfast, eh ! old boy, a hearty choke and a caper !
[UK]Bentley’s Misc. 335: If there’s one thing I hate more than another, it’s being obliged to swallow my victuals as if I was at a sheriff’s breakfast — a bolt and a drop — you understand!
L.S. Wingfield Abigel Rowe 122: He got off with a month’s imprisonment, and for that time, at least, escaped the proverbial sheriff’s breakfast — a hearty choke and a caper.
sheriff’s hotel (n.) (also hotel de jail) [hotel n. (2)]

a prison; often incl. a sheriff’s name.

[UK]Grose Classical Dict. of the Vulgar Tongue.
[UK]Lex. Balatronicum.
[UK]Egan Grose’s Classical Dict. of the Vulgar Tongue.
[US]Choctaw Herald (Butler, AL) 7 Nov. 3/2: Sheriff Gavin’s hotel de jail has but a few boarders at this time.
[US]Tennessean (Nashville, TN) 10 Sept. 1/5: Marshall Matthews cracked him over the head a few times and [...] landed him in Sheriff Sory’s hotel on jail avenue.
Clarksdale Dly Register (MS) 30 Nov. 2/4: Three new guests were added to the roster of Sheriff Matthews’ jail hotel [...] on a charge of disturbing the peace.
[US]Honolulu Star-Bulletin (HI) 22 Nov. 32/3: It was ‘The Sheriff’s new Hotel’ Jailer K Montgomery and his charges moved into the New Hotel.
[US]Tampa Bay Times (St Petersburg, FL) 27 Dec. 52/1: There are now enough laws such as spitting on a public walkway [...] to keep an individual in the sheriff’s hotel (jail) if the system choses.
sheriff’s posts (n.)

two painted posts, set up at the sheriff’s door, to which proclamations are affixed.

[UK]Jonson Every Man out of his Humour III iii: How long should I be, ere I should put off To the lord chancellor’s tomb, or the shrives’ posts?

In phrases

dance at the sheriff’s ball (v.)

see under dance v.